Masanobu Hirasawa

EXPERIENCE SUMMARY Extensive involvement with contract start, warehousing, securitization, showcase making and hazard the executives industries.â Demonstrated achievement in growing new organizations, extending customer base, controlling expenses and improving profitability.â Highly-talented in a full range of home loan supported capacities, including deals/exchanging, chance administration, speculation examination, customer introductions, income displaying and execution analysis.OBJECTIVEBank the board position administering contract upheld properties division.EXPERIENCETOKYO STAR BANK, LTD., Tokyo, Japanâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Mar 2006-PresentGeneral Manager, Business Strategy and CoordinationBegan the main private home loan course in Japan.â Created outsider beginning (reporter loaning) and securitization stage during my initial eight months.  Identified remarkable developing business sector openings in Japan and established program to give concentrated long haul financing support in the home loan banking industry.â Developed and propelled inventive business idea to address under-served specialty showcase and incorporated new model with existing franchise.Created â€Å"Mortgage Banking and Conduit† in Corporate Finance Group and enlisted experts to guarantee, buy and amass contract resources for re-packaging.Developed and propelled two new advance items on schedule, including prime ARMs and half and half ARMs and prime piggyback seconds (onto the Japanese acclimating credit, â€Å"Flat 35†), which have been generally welcomed in the essential market.Established outstanding reporter associations with significant home loan moneylenders, for example, SBI Mortgage, Toshiba Housing Loan, Mortgage Services of Japan, Family Life Service and Yuryo Housing Loan.â Successfully subsidized 2 billion yen in new advances in 10 months.Directed the no matter how you look at it anticipate to make and actualize a smoothed out beginning process.Led the group to execute all documentations for acquisitions and settled basic lawful issues including Bank Agency Law.Developed evaluating approachs, enhanced benefit and controlled budget.Oversaw endorsing rules and kept up the nature of gained assets.Led the task group to make advance databases, which empowered the Bank to promptly wobbly its assets.SHINSEI BANK, LTD., Tokyo, Japanâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Feb 2002-Mar 2006Manager, Capital Markets DivisionDirected the group overseeing dangers of the division’s conductor organizations, including contract advances and securitized advance portfolio.â Created and revealed point by point P&L, includin g key things like positions, fence mark-to-business sectors and subsidizing costs.â Played a key job in procuring private home loan advances from the auxiliary market and built up a home loan banking stage, for example, SBI Mortgage, Shinsei Property Finance and Rakuten Mortgage.Independently dealt with the division’s portfolio, worth more than 1 trillion yen in advertise esteem, and supported its financing cost and prepayment hazards fundamentally utilizing trades, tops and trade options.Instrumental in developing resources from 20 billion yen to more than 1 trillion yen in 3 years.â Achieved 20% yearly net increment in venture salary during that time.Developed a total income estimating model utilizing INTEX and MIAC examination to effectively obtain more than 2 trillion yen of home loan portfolios from provincial banks.Set up and executed optional promoting capacities for five home loan journalists, which included 15 billion yen new starts to the home loan course annual ly.Created strategies, spending plans and guaging and made introductions to speculation committees.Successfully dealt with a group of three valuing and hazard the executives experts and directed various advance database projects.MERRILL LYNCH JAPAN CO., LTD., Tokyo, Japanâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Sep 2000-Aug 2001Assistant Vice President, MBS/ABS Trading and SyndicationTrader and advertiser of worldwide securitized items for Japanese and Asia-Pacific investors.â Managed exchanging books by method of supporting exchanging positions and arranged a day by day offering sheet with showcase remarks and data.â Attended deals gatherings all the time and broad customer management.Executed exchanges on U.S. pass-throughs, CMO and Visa and vehicle credit ABS with a volume in abundance of $1 billion for the year 2000-2001.NOMURA SECURITIES INTERNATIONAL, INC., New York, NYÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â à ‚  July 1998-August 2000Assistant Vice President, MBS ResearchResearch investigator for the U.S. private MBS advertises and helped brokers and deals power in surveying relative worth, archiving exchange techniques and producing speculation ideas.â Regularly composed critiques on showcase occasions, prepayment speeds and lodging indices.HSBC SECURITIES, INC., New York, NY                                                           Jan 1998-Jun 1998Associate, Mortgage-Backed ResearchThe firm shut down its home loan business in 2/98.â Moved to Nomura Securities alongside my supervisor.BLACKROCK, INC., New York, NY                                                                    Dec 1996-Jan 1998Analyst, Portfolio Administration Liaised with bookkeeping operators of the firm’s institutional customers, took an interest in compromise with caretakers and observed portfolio consistence with venture rules and administrative parameters.â Worked as an understudy between 12/96-4/97.EducationCOLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, New York, NYM.A., Statistics, 1996STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, BINGHAMTON, Binghamton, NYB.A., Mathematics, 1994Professional LicensesNASD Series 7 and 63 and JASD Level 1 and 2

In the Lake of the Woods & The Story of an Hour Essay

In the Lake of the Woods and The Story of an Hour - Essay Example Correlation of composing style: Kate works for her story inside the confinements of 60 minutes. She utilizes short sentences and shorter sections. Tim has a long canvas and a greater plot to approach working out his subjects and to depict the outlook of his characters. His pen accomplishes that objective by utilizing excellent and frequenting depictions. Both the creators understand the job of the significant artistic devise of anticipation and they use it adequately and that component, alongside other auxiliary topics qualifies the accounts to be sorted as manifestations of workmanship. Fighting brutality of war In the Lake of the Woods by Tim: War endeavors of John are connected to his general aspiration throughout everyday life. Everything else is less critical to him. All his perspectives are fixated on solid aspirations and activities are coordinated to accomplish pre-chosen objectives. Being a trying legislator, he wishes to enter the corridor of political distinction as fast a s could be expected under the circumstances and in this manner offers significance to the mental self portrait truly. His companion warrior recommends that the slaughter in Vietnam ought to be accounted for to a military official, however John is reluctant as such an activity would be a smear on his political profession. Tim O’Brien contends, Among the missing, among the dead, there is just the transition of probability. (23) He goes above and beyond to misrepresent the records to expel the name from the bloody occasions and takes part in self-advancement to make sure about awards for his military profession that will in the long run help the political aspirations. He takes a stab at attempting to make a bogus image of the excellent world around him. This uncovers the negative quality of John. He develops a mystery elective plan of escapement from connections. The writer composes, â€Å"First there, there was Vietnam, where John Wade slaughtered individuals and where he made long letters full out of perceptions about the idea of their adoration. He didn't inform her concerning the executing. (61) The creator looks at the slaughter in Vietnam to that of the Indians on account of Custer. He portrays marriage as a self-elevating vocation and to accomplish name and popularity. The pronounced aspiration of John is to pick up popularity and O’Brien delineates how means are of no result to him. He utilizes questionable strategies to make sure about future. He is eager to convey any number of mystery phantoms in his pocket, so far as they don't frustrate his professional success. At each stage, he challenges life utilizing incorrectly implies, embraces foul measures to corner distinction. At no phase of life does he receive fair techniques for improving the possibilities, consistently enjoyed questionable thinking as the main thrust to get his yearning plans cleared. Fighting relationships: As a severe/male centric foundation and love relationships: Bot h the western and oriental importance of the word marriage is- - to stream together agreeably. Two particular people, to isolate characters, conceived, reared and raised in two diverse situation attempt to meet up to locate a typical personality, a shared objective and to be exact a typical all. The Suppressed Joy of Independence is the principle topic of Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour.† Louise has two kinds of responses on hearing the updates on death of her better half in a railroad mishap. One that of absolute sadness, for the utilizations of the open crowd, companions and precious ones. The acknowledgment day breaks inside her about picking up autonomy and that manner of thinking

Semiotic examination Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Semiotic assessment - Essay Example The TV show is a host syndicated program where there are a few crowds. Those engaged with the syndicated program are three noteworthy people; they incorporate the anchor person, the welcomed visitor, and someone else partaking through a video connect on the show. The show is occurring in an assembly room where the host and the visitor are on the stage the crowd is forthright, and the host is berating the visitor through inquiries (Dreyfus, 2011). The impact of the video can be drawn from the response of the crowd present. Extols are heard as the visitors legitimately reacts to these inquiries. The noteworthy parts of the video cut incorporate some initial illustrations presenting the title appear. The engaging hues utilized grab the eye of the watcher at the underlying beginning. As the clasp advances the trademark logo of the show is apparent foundation instrumentals soundtrack is being played this goes inline of exhibiting the entire thing as enamoring, which makes a recognition on the watcher that what holds up is energizing. Using blurring impacts, the television show is guided where the hosts in a split second is caught on the starting comments. First presenting the individual partaking through a video connect seen on a screen on the scenery of the page, Which is comprised of different screens and illustrations which are representative appearance; the video shows a very close perspective on the host and visitors; the visitors unpredictably draw in the crowd who react with hails, the video is persuasive from the setting of what is being talked about, and it is probably going to inspirationally affect the watchers. The video cut is made of a high goals which might be exceptionally speaking to the watcher, notwithstanding the brilliant silver, hues. That suits the whole occasion and furthermore a functioning crowd. The expressed parts effectsly affect to the watcher this incorporate their responses recognitions and ends. The basic illustrations and soundtrack and the designs attempt to move the viewers’ consideration regarding keep watching the remainder of the clasp. Research has demonstrated, that 80% of the individuals who observed any visual substance choose to do it contingent upon the impression made in the initial couple of moments of the video cut. The soundtrack makes a climate that is moving, and in accordance with the substance of the video. The background comprises of a few screens and brilliant designs with hues which offer a high intrigue not exclusively to the watcher yet in addition the taking an interest crowd. The most significant part is the way that the watchers can relate to the subject of conversation because of its inspirational nature this makes a sentiment of relativity, which includes the watcher to the line of reasoning creation the video increasingly speaking to him. The video conferencing join on the beginning of the video makes the entire setting genuine coupled up with the intermittent chuckling fro m the members and the visitors present. The setting of the members is exceptional to other television shows, and this gives an edge to the clasp. The setting where the video is done likewise adds to its intrigue the non-verbal communication and stance accepted while focusing on the video interface member shows the various edges it depicts, it makes the video to be comprehensive with respect to all the members in question. The nearness of a real existence crowd in the video adds to the individual touch and identifies with how they express their feelings and pass on their sentiments to the subject

Developing and maintaining free essay sample

Creating and keeping up great connections is vital to improving results for people, their carers and their families none the less it is basic to keep building up and keep up constructive working associations with all engaged with the consideration of administration clients to give an inside and out quality assistance which can be accomplished by having great techniques and working in a warm, neighborly, responsible and proficient way.Carers:Working with carers to assist care experts, administration clients and carers themselves assume a significant job in many help clients lives they are regularly the individuals who know the administration client best and can be a priceless wellspring of data and backing. Carers may be best situated to give the assistance expected to accomplish the most ideal results for the administration client. They help with individual consideration, organization of medicine, local undertakings and screen administration clients well †being just as promoter for the people. We will compose a custom exposition test on Creating and keeping up or on the other hand any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Carers inclusion assume an essential job to positive results. They are bound to have originally given data and information on everyday occasions of an assistance clients life, they get the chance to peruse the indications of backslide or any pertinent social changes.†¢ Improved results for administration usersIncreasing the information, certainty and comprehension of noteworthy others in managing the administration clients issues and their own emotions and nerves in regards to the circumstance can help administration clients recovery.Information sharing can work two different ways †in addition to the fact that carers require data from the specialist co-op, the specialist co-op can likewise gain from loved ones experience and information. It merits stressing that tuning in to carers or tolerating data from them doesn't comprise a break of confidentiality.Families:Families contribute a ton to the consideration and backing of people from multiple points of view. In any case, the family is the first port of bring in quite a while of care as in the family recognizes that an individual from their family requires proficient consideration and takes the issue to body dependable. The family gives the basic data on the state of the person before the specialists start their appraisals. At the point when an individual has been conceded into care or needs to stay living autonomously at home the family gives strength by consistent visits and support just as in the midst of emergency the family can give quiet and understanding as they probably am aware the individual superior to anybody. The family can likewise give money related administration whenever mentioned to do as such. Generally speaking the family gives solidness, solace, backing and love and friendship genuinely while required. There are a few factors that may influence the degree of contribution of relatives in care or bolster, for example, extraordinary work duties of relatives on the off ch ance that they are all in all day business, separation, eagerness to travel or limitation on time accessible, capacity to travel or drive, just as a decent or poor relationship with the individual, all these can affect the degree of family involvement.In my job as a director, I endeavor to make a situation in which individual feel their necessities are being heard and comprehended and this requires respectability, genuineness and ability. My group and I convey our administrations with a critical thinking and can do approach by working cooperatively in defeating issues and addressing the necessities of people

Benefits of Content Analysis as a Method of Research - 275 Words

Benefits of Content Analysis as a Method of Research (Essay Sample) Content: Benefits of Content Analysis as a Method of ResearchSubmitted By:Instructor:Date of Submission:Benefits of Content Analysis as a Method of ResearchIntroductionWaltz, Strickland, and Lenz CITATION Wal10 \p 279 \n \t \l 1033 (2010, p. 279) define content analysis as "a set of techniques that are used to identify, measure, describe, and make inferences about specified characteristics within or reflected by written or verbal text." It is a method of social research that is suitable for the study social communications through social artefacts. According to Babbie CITATION Bab12 \p 356 \n \t \l 1033 (2012, p. 356) researchers use it to study not only communication processes but also other aspects of social behavior as well. The common units of analysis in content analysis include elements of communication such as words, paragraphs, books and so forth. It involves coding, transforming raw data into categories based on some conceptual scheme.Benefits of Content AnalysisCo ntent analysis as a method of research brings with it a myriad of benefits to a research study. These benefits include:According to Bryman and Bell CITATION Bry11 \p 305 \n \t \l 1033 (2011, p. 305), this method of research has the benefit that it allows for information to be generated about social groups that are difficult to gain access to, it allows for the use of existing information that is available and easily accessible at relatively low cost, and finally available information can be used for multiple purposes.It is a highly flexible method of research and can be applied to a wide variety of kinds of unstructured information CITATION Bry11 \p 305 \l 1033 (Bryman Bell, 2011, p. 305). While in the social sciences it is primarily associated with the analysis of mass-media outputs, in business and management research it has a broader applicability.Like secondary data, content analysis has the benefit that it is unobtrusive, inexpensive to conduct, allows the researcher to exam ine existing agency documents and databases and finally it allows a researcher to deal with large volumes of data CITATION Roy07 \p 256 \l 1033 (Royse, 2007, p. 256). In addition, no specialized expertise or training is necessitous to conduct a content analysis.This research method is considered a very transparent research method. The coding scheme and the sampling techniques can be distinctly set out so that replications and follow-up studies are feasible. It is due to this benefit that this research method is referred to as an objective method of analysis.Other benefits associated with content analysis as identified by du Plooy CITATION duP95 \p 101 \n \t \l 1033 (1995, p. 101) include: it is holistic and can study the whole range of human communication; it can incorporate most other communicatio...

At Risk Children Essay - 275 Words

At Risk Children (Essay Sample) Content: At risk childrenNameInstitutionInstructorDateQ1. I have worked with the children who are at risk in life and most of them are traumatized due to the life risks they have gone through. The risks that these children have gone through are explained in the Gabarino and Philip chapters. Through the chapters, I have learned that there are other several risks that impact the life of children in our societies. The chapters have emphasized on the various risks that children undergo in life. Children from poor background are in the danger zone and experience various problems in their life. According to the Garbarino, children are experiencing dangerous life and it is few who escape the risk completely. Most children must contend with risks from various sources: divorced parents, parent death, a parent who is mentally incapacitated, unemployment, poverty, children incurring physical disability and community violence. These are some of the major risks that children face in the wo rld, and they have affected their mental development negatively. According to Philip, social problems are common in our societies that present obstacles to the development of the children. We have witnessed community, political and social wars in most parts of the world that lead to immigration or migration of the affected people. Mental development of children from those communities is affected due to the repercussions that develop during the war. A child can lose one of his/her parents or both during the war, and there is no way such a child will have mental health development in his/her lifeQ2. In conclusion, th...

The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand 1914

The assassination of an Austrian Archduke was the trigger for World War I, yet things were so nearly different. His death set off a chain reaction, as  mutual defense alliances  mobilized a list of countries, including Russia, Serbia, France, Austria-Hungary, and Germany, to declare war.   An Unpopular Archduke and an Unpopular Day In 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand was heir to both the Habsburg throne and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was not a popular man, having married a woman who – while a Countess – was deemed far below his station, and their children had been barred from the succession. Nevertheless, he was the heir and had both interests in the state and state commitments, and in 1913 he was asked to visit newly annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina and inspect their troops. Franz Ferdinand accepted this engagement, as it meant his usually sidelined and insulted wife would officially be with him. Ceremonies were planned for June 28th, 1914 in Sarajevo, the couple’s wedding anniversary. Unfortunately, this was also the anniversary of the First Battle of Kosovo, the struggle in 1389 which Serbia had convinced itself saw Serbian independence crushed by their defeat to the Ottoman Empire. This was a problem, because many in the newly independent Serbia claimed Bosnia-Herzegovina for themselves, and fumed at Austria-Hungary’s recent annexation. Terrorism One man in particular who took particular umbrage at this event was Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb had devoted his life to protecting Serbia, no matter the consequences. Assassinations and other politically charged murders were not out of the question for Princip. Despite being more bookish than charismatic, he managed to enlist the support of a small group of friends, who he convinced to kill Franz Ferdinand and his wife on June 28th. It was to be a suicide mission, so they wouldn’t be around to see the result. Princip claimed to have originated the plot himself but he did not have trouble finding allies for the mission: friends to train. The most important group of allies was the Black Hand, a secret society in the Serb army, who provided Princep and his co-conspirators with pistols, bombs,  and poison. Despite the complexity of the operation, they managed to keep it under wraps.  There were rumors of a vague threat that reached all the way up to the Serbian Prime Minister, but they quickly dismissed.   The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand On Sunday June 28th, 1914, Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie traveled in a motorcade through Sarajevo; their car was open topped and there was little security. The would-be assassins positioned themselves at intervals along the route. Initially, one assassin threw a bomb, but it rolled off the convertible roof and exploded against the wheel of a passing car, causing only minor injuries. Another assassin couldn’t get the bomb out of his pocket because of the crowd’s density, a third felt too close to a policeman to try, a fourth had an attack of conscience over Sophie and a fifth ran off. Princip, away from this scene, thought he’d missed his chance. The royal couple continued with their day as normal, but after the display at the Town Hall Franz Ferdinand insisted he visit the mildly injured members of his party in the hospital. However, confusion led to the driver heading to their original destination: a museum. As the vehicles stopped in the road to decide which route to take, Princip found himself next to the car. He drew his pistol and shot the Archduke and his wife at point-blank range. He then tried to shoot himself, but the crowd stopped him. He then took poison, but it was old and simply caused him to vomit; the police then arrested him before he was lynched. Within half an hour, both targets were dead. The Aftermath No one in Austria-Hungary’s government was particularly upset by Franz Ferdinand’s death; indeed, they were more relieved he was not going to cause any more constitutional problems. Across the capitals of Europe, few other people were overly upset, except the Kaiser in Germany, who had tried to cultivate Franz Ferdinand as a friend and ally. As such, the assassination didn’t seem to be a major, world-changing event. But Austria-Hungary had been looking for an excuse to attack Serbia, and this provided them with the cause they needed. Their actions would soon trigger World War I, leading to years of bloody slaughter on a largely static Western Front, and repeated failures by the Austrian army on the Eastern and Italian Fronts. At the end of the war the Austro-Hungarian Empire had collapsed, and Serbia found itself the core of a new Kingdom of the ​Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.    Test your knowledge of the origins of WWI.

Literature Study - 1088 Words

To investigate how influential PD providers shape social capital, we drew on data from a larger study of mathematics and science professional development in a major metropolitan region in the Western United States. The study intended to capture the range of professional development opportunities available to teachers within the region. The region in the study consisted of four counties, the metropolitan area itself and its three contiguous counties. We considered professional development providers to include anyone involved in the planning or delivery of PD opportunities to teachers in any of the four counties. We did not require that the PD providers were from the region. The larger study used interviews and surveys to map the advice and†¦show more content†¦The purpose of the exploratory interviews was to solicit the names of individuals involved with providing PD in the region. We used this information to create an initial list of names that formed the seeds of the snowball. We defined three criteria for inclusion in the sample: (1) participants had helped plan or provide mathematics professional development for teachers; (2) the PD occurred in one of the four counties in the region; and (3) the PD occurred within the past year. Our initial seed list consisted of the names of 23 providers and their home organizations. With this list, we began the main part of the snowball sample. We conducted two waves of interviews and one wave of surveys. For each interview wave, we followed the same protocol (Figure 1). Interviews covered three main topics: (1) beliefs about qualities of effective PD; (2) the ideas about mathematics instruction and the mathematics practices they were promoting; and (3) their collaboration and advice networks (see Appendix A for the interview protocol). This article draws from the third section of the interviews. For this section, interviewers provided participants with the list of names. Going through each name on the list, they asked participants if they went to that individual for collaboration or advice about PD. If the participant saidShow MoreRelatedLiterature : My Experiences : The Study Of Literature1205 Words   |  5 PagesThe study of literature is a lost art, like taking a picture with film. It is an item in which you can hang on to forever and create everlasting memories and will always come to use, not something you can just cast aside. As a student, many can attest to the fact that Literature is not as entertaining as other classes may be. However, literature is something in life that you do not appreciate until it’s time to share your knowledge with the world,. Personally, I am thankful that I read many booksRead More The Study of Literature Essay1162 Words   |  5 PagesThe Study of Literature I finally understand the study of literature. 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Democracy in China Essay examples - 3298 Words

Introduction The topic of democracy in China is a highly controversial topic. Although China has not democratised, it has done well in the global situation amongst its democratic competitors. Since the path to democracy is different for each country, we cannot expect that China would follow the same path or same model of democracy as the western nations. This essay will look at what democracy is and how it can be placed in a Chinese context as well as looking at the proponents and opponents of democracy in China. It will also look at whether China is democratising by focusing on village elections, globalisation and the emergence of a civil society. These specific topics were chosen because they will help provide good evidence and†¦show more content†¦The idea behind ‘government of the people, by the people and for the people’, is that the government exists to benefit the citizens of the state and not those in power. Elections are central to democracies in the West, but elec toral turnout is not that high. Furthermore, problems with the legitimacy of the government in democratic systems can be seen in the case of Italy. The government is in a constant state of change and suffers a legitimacy crisis. Therefore, it posses the question of why would democracy in China be regarded as a vital thing when many of those in the West do not even exercise their basic democratic right to vote. The idea of democarcy in China The idea of democracy in China is different from democracy in the West. Democracy is not a word that is traditionally part of the Chinese culture or philosophy. The closest translation of democracy to Chinese is the word ‘minzhu’. The want for democracy in China stems from the citizens wanting more freedom and more individual rights. 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Democracy can be defined as a set of practices and principles, such as political participation and electoral processes, that protect freedoms and at minimum include the presence of free and fair elections, the protection of minority groups, the respect of human rights, and governed by majority rule . The People’s RepublicRead MoreThe Future of Freedom1075 Words   |  5 PagesHistory The Future of Freedom In his book, The Future of Freedom, Fareed Zakaria writes that we must make democracy safe for the world. The American democracy sets the standard around the world for liberal democracies, but transitions across for other countries across the world toward a liberal democracy is often difficult and with poor decision making, close to impossible. Liberal democracies are the systems in which people choose their government and live in an environment of freedom. In ZakariasRead MoreChinese Population And Its Effect On China1700 Words   |  7 PagesIf â€Å"democracy† is a term that sounds so familiar to many Western countries, the concept, on the other hand, does not adhere a same value in developing countries, especially for China. In fact, Chinese population is heavily under the effect of democratization resistance for many reasons, including but not limit to (1) the government’s own definition and version of democracy (2) Chinese’s long historical factors and un ique cultures, (3) different political philosophy and (4) whether is developed orRead More The Future of Freedom1081 Words   |  5 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In his book, The Future of Freedom, Fareed Zakaria writes that we must make democracy safe for the world. The American democracy sets the standard around the world for liberal democracies, but transitions across for other countries across the world toward a liberal democracy is often difficult and with poor decision making, close to impossible. Liberal democracies are the systems in which people choose their government and live in an environment of freedom. In Zakaria’sRead MoreThe Current Chinese Government Fits Into The Category Of Authoritarian Regimes856 Words   |  4 Pagesuse ideology or coercive mobilization to shape citizen’s interests, or support for the regime. However, China had been in a category of totalitarian regimes once after the World War 2 ended. After the world war 2, under the Mao†™s control, China’s sovereignty imposed strict controls over everyday life and cost the lives of tens of millions of people, which is the totalitarian regime. When China was under Mao’s control, citizen’s interest and identities were shaped by the ideology created by the governmentRead MoreHow China Hong Kong Relations1305 Words   |  6 PagesJessica Afonso 999565938 HIS385H1 Professor Lim How China-Hong Kong Relations Have Resulted in Today’s Occupy Movement Introduction This paper will use various scholarly articles to explain how China-Hong Kong relations ultimately impacted Hong Kong and resulted in the present-day pro-democracy protests (Occupy) throughout the territory. The Succeeding History on the Government of Hong Kong British Colonization and Beginning of Settlement The British occupied Hong Kong in 1841, which providedRead MoreEast Asian Union : The World Trade Organization1468 Words   |  6 Pagesand will be there forever. No one can take the time machine to go back to change the history of the Sino-Japanese War. People should learn some lessons from that war and to strive to guarantee that the war will not happen again. Both of Japan and China have the long history and outstanding cultures, if they can cooperate with another, they can gain more benefits than simply involving in the war. Another conflict is the Korean pop culture invasion. Actually, Chinese culture has various excellent aspectsRead MoreSamsung in America Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pages(Kohan). This is a quote by Barack Obama during his election speech. In a democracy, citizens vote for their own opinions; they vote for what they believe is best for America which is a true democracy. It’s not just two candidates or two parties, they vote for what they believe is best for America. Having rights for freedom of speech and Foreign Employ Rights are very important for establishing a business with a fair democracy. Samsung should expand business and move my family to United States of America

The Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down - 1469 Words

The Spirit Catches You and You Fall down, by Anne Fadiman, illuminates the issues that arise when constructive collaboration cannot be accomplished between two conflicting parties. The conflict between Western beliefs and Hmong ideology is illuminated through a young epileptic Hmong named Lia Lee, and her tragic experience due to cultural differences. Ultimately, the conflict between parent and doctor beliefs thwarted medical advancement, eventually leaving her in a vegetative state and a premature death. In order to fully understand her predicament, we must establish the bounds of each culture. Largely defined by science, Western culture approaches things in technical terms, with decisions being based on measurable evidence. Western advocates argue that individuals must understand and accept scientific reality over their religious views. Non-Western beliefs, such as the Hmong culture, are largely defined by religion and pseudo-science practices. Those that oppose strict Western ide ology, such as Francesca Farr, propose, â€Å"our view of reality is only a view, not reality itself† (p 276). In other words, reality is relative to the respective individual. Legitimate claims on both sides create a large grey area of misinterpretation. On the contrary, health does not have margin for misinterpretation. The lack of understanding can prevent Western doctors from providing certain aspects of treatment. Even worse, the patient may reject treatment entirely. This dilemma in culturalShow MoreRelatedThe Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down1888 Words   |  8 Pagesan example of culture. Authors Anne Fadiman and Joshua Reno explores the different aspects of culture and ethnography in their two books, The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: A Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures, and Waste Away: Working and Living with a North American Landfill. The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down illustrates the story of a Hmong child who ha s sever epilepsy, and the communication and cultural differences and challenges between western doctorsRead MoreThe Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down1004 Words   |  5 Pages1.) The book that I chose for my book report is, The spirit catches you and you fall down. The book was written by essayist and reporter, Ann Fadiman and was published in 1997 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. There are 288 pages in this book. 2.) The book is non-fiction. 3.) When I was choosing a book, I was in utter confusion. I wasn t a reader and I didn t know where to look. Luckily, however, Professor Yanmei was able to show me this amazing book! 4.) There were many characters in this book, butRead MoreThe Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down2167 Words   |  9 PagesStructural Causes of Cultural Insensitivity in Anne Fadiman’s The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down Many years ago, an epileptic Hmong girl named Lia Lee entered a permanent vegetative state due to cross-cultural misunderstanding between her parents and her doctors. An author named Anne Fadiman documented this case and tried to untangle what exactly went wrong with the situation. Two key players in her narrative were Neil Ernst and Peggy Philp, the main doctors on Lia’s case. As Fadiman describesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down Essay1527 Words   |  7 PagesThe English translation of the Hmong phrase â€Å"quag dab peg† is that the spirit catches you and you fall down. While western society knows this as epilepsy, the Hmong believe that the seizures are caused by the presence of a â€Å"dab† or soul stealing spirit, which leads the soul to leave the body.1 The Hmong consider those who suffer from epilepsy to be respectable and of a higher status. In The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down, the doctors and the Hmong ar e looking for a solution to the same problem;Read MoreCultural Diversity In The Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down1549 Words   |  7 Pages Cultural Diversity What happens when two very different or even mutually exclusive cultural perspective are forced into contact with one another? In Anne Fadiman’s The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down, there is a division between the shamanistic insubordinate cultural of Hmong refugees in Merced, California and the cold analytical approach of western medicine. In the early 1980s, the child of a Hmong refugee family in Merced, California is born with epilepsy, her name is Lia Lee. Anne FadimanRead MoreThe Spirit Catches You As You Fall Down By Anne Fadiman1688 Words   |  7 PagesThe book, The spirit Catches you as you Fall Down by Anne Fadiman follows the life of a Hmong family living in the city of Merced California after fleeing their home in Laos due to persecution. The main focus of the book is a little girl named Lia Lee who suffers tragedy in her life at a very young age. The book illustrates the differences between the healing methods, or medical procedures between the western cult ure and the Hmong culture, and how if affected Lia and her family as she grew up. TheRead More The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down by Anne Fadiman Essay1868 Words   |  8 PagesThe Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down by Anne Fadiman is about the cross-cultural ethics in medicine. The book is about a small Hmong child named Lia Lee, who had epilepsy. Epilepsy is called, quag dab peg1 in the Hmong culture that translates to the spirit catches you and you fall down. In the Hmong culture this illness is sign of distinction and divinity, because most Hmong epileptics become shaman, or as the Hmong call them, txiv neeb2. These shamans are special people imbued with healing spiritsRead MoreThe Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down Essay1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe book titled The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down: Talks about a Hmong Child, Her American Doctors, and the Collision of Two Cultures written by Anne Fadiman. Anne Fadiman is an American essayist and reporter, who int erests include literary journalism. She is a champion of the National Book Critics Circle Award for Nonfiction, the Salon Book Award, and the Los Angeles Times Book Prize for Current Interest. In the book, Anne Fadiman explores the clash between a county hospital in CaliforniaRead MoreThe Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down1273 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States is known for its melting pot of cultures, which creates one of the most contentious issues in the medical world which is the clash of cultures. The book we read â€Å"The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down† is a great example of how a miss communication and struggle between cultures which lead to a very dismal end. The difference in beliefs cause constant issues in communication, even though both want what is best. Lia Lee was born into a Hmong refugee family with very bad epilepsyRead MoreThe Spirit Catches You And You Fall Down968 Words   |  4 PagesResponse to The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down â€Å"Medicine was religion. Religion was society. Society was medicine† (Fadiman, 1997). To the Hmong’s, this is a way of life. Everything in their culture is interrelated and represents a holistic view. As Americans, we try to incorporate the holistic approach into our health care system, but heavily rely on medications and science to treat illness. Arthur Kelinman developed the explanatory model of illness which incorporates a series of questions

Pussy Riot Research Paper free essay sample

Three members of the Russian punk-rock rebel band, Pussy Riot, have been jailed for two years after staging an anti-Putin protest. The official reason for their incarceration has been officially listed as â€Å"hooliganism motivated by religious hatred (1). † The sentence has sparked intense global support for Pussy Riot, as well as increased opposition against the Russian government. The all-female band performed this protest in the Cathedral of Christ the Savior, Moscow’s main Orthodox cathedral. After blessing themselves with the sign of the cross, the members, dressed in vibrantly colored masks, bowed towards the alter and videotaped a â€Å"punk prayer. † Their song called to Virgin Mary to rid Russia of Putin. The resulting video, titled â€Å"Punk Prayer: Mother of God Drive Putin Away† was subsequently uploaded onto the Internet. The video suggests a direct criticism of Putin’s anti-feministic political infrastructure and aims to undermine his reelection. A still from the released video that landed Pussy Riot’s members in jail. We will write a custom essay sample on Pussy Riot Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (11) Their punishment came in the form of two years deprivation of liberty in a penal colony (1). † And according to a B. B. C article (1), Maria Alyokhina, Nadezhda Tolokonnikova and Yekaterina Samutsevich smiled from inside a glass-walled cage as their verdict was announced on Aug. 17. Tolokonnikova, her fist pumped into the air as she was led out of the courtroom, was sent to Mordovia. The region of Perm was left to Alyokhina. Both are considered the harshest existing camps. Samutsevich was released last month, but Alyokhina and Tolokonnikova, both mothers of small children, will be expected to complete the full sentence. The three awaiting their verdict in the courtroom (12). In terms of the immediate domestic response, Pussy Riot received both support and criticism. And the underlying religious context was undeniable. A group of four women, one of them topless, sawed down a cross at a public square in Kiev. But despite a few small, localized displays of support, many Russians were unsympathetic to the fate of Pussy Riot. Feminism in the form of direct political action is viewed wearily in the country. The direct criticism came mainly from religious zealots, those who viewed the band’s performance as a direct insult to the Russian Orthodox Church. One demonstrator outside the court in Moscow even shouted, â€Å"Let Pussy Riot and all their supporters burn in hell (1). † A Time article (2), â€Å"Pussy Riot Trial Unleashes Putin’s Secret Weapon: The Orthodox Faithful,† further discusses the issue of religion. â€Å"Putin has advocated a return to religion as the core of a new Russian national idea,† says the article. Putin’s following lack the motivation to guarantee him a reelection and so, â€Å"for the church and state, the result would be some kind of symbiosis, which may be Putin’s only chance of reawakening his tired base. † Additionally, the article believes â€Å"[t]he verdict against Pussy Riot has empowered this base and its values,† perhaps strengthening the only true devotees Putin has left. Female protestors in Kiev sawing down a cross. (13) Unlike the domestic response, global outside response to the matter was not centered on religious alliances. It was also overwhelmingly pro-Pussy Riot. Yet the solidarity seems torn. Though Pussy Riot’s punishment is widely viewed as unjust, some support appears to be a direct result of a pro-Feminist mindset. But others take on an exclusively anti-Russian agenda, focusing their outrage on the governments’ attitude toward freedom of speech and creative expression instead. The Russian government has a certain reputation for being anti-Democratic. The same B. B. C article (1) reports how Tolokonnikova’s husband, Pyotr Verzilov, believes â€Å"Russias image was quite scary even before [this]. What happened now is a clear sign that Russia is moving towards becoming more like China or North Korea. † There is no doubt most Western cultures would agree with Verzilov. In fact, shows of support spread throughout Europe and North America, raging through Berlin, London, Dublin, Barcelona, Paris, and New York City. The B. B. C article seems focused on this face of the post-Pussy Riot reaction. It continues to report, quoting opposition leader Alexei Navalny, who exclaimed, â€Å"[t]hey are in jail because of Putin’s personal revenge. This verdict was written by Vladimir Putin. † The same source also takes note of Amnesty International’s opinion on the matter. Freedom of expression in Russia took a â€Å"bitter blow† said the organization. U. S. state department spokesman Victoria Nuland was also quoted as having remarked, â€Å"We urge Russian authorities to review this case and ensure that the right to freedom of expression is upheld. † The Huffington Post article (3), titled â€Å"Defend the Riot: Pussy Riot’s Global Revolution,† further examines what Americans would perceive as a violation of rights. It argues that Pussy Riot, along with the people they’re speaking for, should have â€Å"the right to speak freely and practice ones religion as they see fit all notions that have become synonymous with our nation yet underappreciated by recent generations of American citizens. † Taken for granted by some Americans perhaps, but the jailing of an all-female Russian punk band has more than revived the global insistence for freedom of speech. The article predicts that â€Å"Pussy Riot has become one of the most influential artists of our generation. † Due to their newfound status as political revolutionaries, Pussy Riot has found immeasurably influential spokespeople, as Madonna, Bono, Paul McCartney, Bjork, and a few notable others have publicly stood behind the band. Policymic. com (4), a blog devoted to becoming a public outlet for hushed governmental affairs, also took on the Pussy Riot incident and shed light on certain related religious and political connotations. â€Å"Pussy Riot Jailed: Why This is Both a Religious and Political Issue† (4) is similar to the aforementioned Time article (2), â€Å"Pussy Riot Trial Unleashes Putin’s Secret Weapon: The Orthodox Unfaithful. † But it examines a narrower political effect, the direct result of the band’s incarceration, centering around the idea that the â€Å"conviction is yet another example of the collaboration between church and state typical of Russian history, aimed to increase Putins power. † Yet the article believes in this case, â€Å"we are witnessing an unprecedented level of collaboration between the ROC [Russian Orthodox Church] and the Putin regime for the purposes of political prosecution. † â€Å"Political prosecution† evokes predatorial action, thereby also suggesting Pussy Riot’s subsequent innocence. Clearly, many critics, both inside and outside of Russia, are convinced the jailing is ideally representative of the flaws in Russian government, both church-related and purely on the state level. Other sources also reported on this particular government-centered, anti-Russian response to the court’s ruling. However unlike the previous cited articles, they assume the role of devil’s advocate, calling attention to a potential for harm if the West continues to use Pussy Riot as a rallying point against a historically oppositional foreign power. This eruption of politically driven demonstrations are causing some to worry that the Russian government’s reaction to the incident has redirected the West, and especially the U. S, back to its blindly anti-Russian, Cold War roots. A New York Times article (5), titled â€Å"The Wrong Reasons to Back Pussy Riot,† warns against â€Å"[u]sing dissidents to score political points against the Russian regime. † It is akin to â€Å"adopting a pet tiger: No matter how domesticated they may seem, in the end they are free spirits, liable to maul the hand that feeds them. † Painting the Pussy Riot members as anything but radicals lends to a false notion of targeted advocacy. When in actuality, Pussy Riot will likely not linger long under a feminist sentiment. The punk group has previously sung for other issues, including â€Å"freedom from patriarchy, capitalism, religion, conventional morality, inequality, and the entire corporate state system. † Unless the West is also ready to join this revolution wholeheartedly, it cannot yet use Pussy Riot as a figurehead for political restructuring in Russia. Standing behind Pussy Riot now, when â€Å"it is obviously blameless and the government clearly guilty, is pure opportunism. † Another New York Times article (6), â€Å"Pussy Riot Was Carefully Calibrated for Protest,† upholds similar views. It mentions Pussy Riot’s unapologetic court statements, which â€Å"revealed an intellectual and philosophical rigor, and its earlier efforts with the art group Voina offered even more brazen forms of dissent. † Voina, Russian for â€Å"war,† once recruited the then pregnant Tolokonnikova for a public orgy at a Moscow museum in 2008. They had also previously set fire to a police car and been accused of obscene vandalism. Pussy Riot’s associations and past actions suggest radicalism, a political stance intolerable to most nations, even the most liberal. â€Å"The Wrong Reasons to Back Pussy Riot† (5) also discusses the thoughts of Eduard Limonov, a former Soviet dissident and anti-Soviet leftist. During his time in the United States as a Cold War trophy, Limonov concluded, â€Å"the F. B. I. is just as zealous in putting down American radicals as the K. G. B. is with its own radicals and dissidents. † His views were met with a cold reception from most Americans despite the evidence supporting his statement, suggesting a bias rooted in patriotism rather than democracy. There is little dispute over the injustice surrounding Pussy Riot’s harsh sentence. But using a specific instance involving radicals to further the anti-Russian attitude could create a dangerous precedent. This Russian artist sewed his lips together to advocate for Pussy Riot and freedom of speech. (14) Others threw their support behind Pussy Riot for reasons leaning more heavily towards pro-Feminism. Although some supporters used the harsh sentence as a way to highlight injustices of the Russian system, a great amount of outrage arising from the event stemmed from a broader political issue—the lack of female representation in many modern political systems. A piece by the New Yorker, â€Å"Pussy Riot Grrrls,† (7) identifies Pussy Riot’s clearly feminist beliefs, and its similarly feminist audience. For â€Å"despite the chasm between freedom of expression in the United States and Putin’s Russia, it’s been impossible to resist connecting Pussy Riot with riot grrrl, the punk-rock, radical-feminist movement of the early nineteen-nineties. † Riot grrrl is an underground feminist punk rock movement, typically associated with the modern third wave of feminism. It is primarily concerned with issues pertaining to rape, domestic abuse, sexuality, racism, patriarchy, and female empowerment. But, unlike the American-rooted riot grrls, Pussy Riot had much more at stake and because of the risk involved, created an overwhelming response in the feminist world. A group of women donning balaclavas to show support for Pussy Riot. (15) Though protests have sprung up all over Europe and North America, an article from the Guardian (8) highlights a particular demonstration organized in Leeds. Like the New Yorker piece (7), it focuses heavily on the female reaction to the band’s incarceration. Reporting on the Leeds protest, the article quotes singer Louise Distras: â€Å"Pussy Riot have inspired me by showing how we absolutely have to speak out against media portrayals of women as subordinates. She is not alone in her distress. The widely regarded leader of riot grrl, Kathleen Hanna, lead singer of Bikini Kill, interviewed with Pitchfork (9), and expressed her views on the matter. To Hanna, â€Å"[w]hen their rights are taken away, all of our rights are taken away. † Feminism promotes close-knit activism and due to its pack mentality, has a certain connotation in society. â€Å"Typically, people think if you’re a feminist, all you talk about is women. But it’s much larger than that; all things are connected. It seemed to me that they clearly understood that,† said Hanna. To true feminists, their cause spans across a wide range of issues, many of which are deeply set in flawed political infrastructures. The previously cited article, â€Å"The Wrong Reasons to Back Pussy Riot,† (5) almost arrived at this conclusion, but not quite. Convinced of Pussy Riot’s radicalism, it judged their feminist agenda separate from their political one. And in fact, many sources mentioned above reported on protests that interpreted the unfair treatment of Pussy Riot in a purely anti-Russian sense. What sets coverage like the Pitchfork interview, the Guardian article and the New Yorker piece apart is that despite being heavily focused on the feminist front, the sources seem able to deduce that feminism is political. And thus, the issue, though a clear example of Putin’s iron fist, would only be half represented if portrayed solely as a protest against the Russian regime. Other sources reporting heavily on the political side seemed to have treated the call for feminism as a matter entirely separate from the lack of certain freedoms in Russia. What Pussy Riot, Hanna, and countless other protestors are trying to bring to light is the realization that feminism is not removed from justice as a whole. For despite Pussy Riot’s radical affiliations and actions, it would be a mistake to brush off their insistence for feminism as an extension of mere anarchism. Clearly their actions were drastic and graphic, yet their belief system suggests a real political relevancy. In a Time article titled â€Å"Pussy Riot on Trial: The Case Against Feminist Rockers,† (10) band member Garadzha most adequately captures the actual aims of Pussy Riot and their true purpose. â€Å"Sexists have certain ideas about how a woman should behave, and Putin, by the way, also has a couple thoughts on how Russians should live. Fighting against all that—that’s Pussy Riot,† she said. Coming from a direct representative of their cause, it’s evident there is truth to all sources on the matter. Feminism is at the forefront of their concerns, but to them, it does relate to the broader issue of oppression in Russia. The article further states, â€Å"the women, who are primarily young, educated and middle class, felt the need to protest what they viewed as Putin’s brutal, corrupt and totalitarian rule. † Although Pussy Riot’s protest was certainly politically driven and would cause many to raise their eyebrow at the system responsible for their harsh fate, its main message was not to promote skepticism of Russia. Their goal was to demonstrate the relevancy of feminism under the broader scheme of oppression.

Critical Thinking Paper free essay sample

Music has affected the lives of youth Into their adulthoods from their conception. The popular genres of todays music test their audiences Innocence and willingness to buy into the lyrics, which are written to explain of a daily life that has digressed into drug use, sexual behavior, violence, and racial slurs. We Are Young, Funs current number one single on the Billboard Charts, dollies the essence of being young in a bright ballad.The chorus We Are Young/ So lets set the world on fire encompasses the stereotypical conceptions of Youths reckless behavior (Fun). Aided by the bright IANA in the background, and the background chorus, which evokes a sense of community, the song includes friends in the bathroom getting higher than the Empire State, and begs that between the drinks and subtle things that a lover forgets the singer gave It to [helm/her] months ago (Fun). The youth exposed to such lyrical content have been documented to be more violent, careless, and irresponsible. The advertisement agencies that sell these lyrics are to blame for much of lyrical influence; however, the record labels who transmit these lyrics onto radio stations and produce artists content, must prevent the active influences of lyrics upon first review.Record labels must monitor and censor Hip-Hop, Heavy Metal, and popular music lyrics broadcasted to teenagers in order to reduce overwhelming influences of drug use, promiscuity, violence, racial slurs, and suicide. The incredible nature of musics influences embody each of its elements, as its melodies and harmonies possess immense effects even as they refrain from words that might seep into the subconscious and prompt anti-social behavior.In order to secure the success of their childrens future lives, pregnant mothers play Mozart in hopes that their babies might become as veiled and sophisticated as the piece (Voicele ss). These babies often do grow up to excel beyond their peers who may have devolved into becoming violent and reckless, as their mothers listened to Rap music during pregnancy (Box Juveniles); thus, the true impact of a songs lyrics is extremely significant.Rap music, the spoken division of the Hip-Hop Culture, which promotes rebellion in the name of a collective love for art and the loathing of poor city- life, preaches of the daily harsh lives of those in the ghetto. Rap music uses crude lyrics in order to mirror the crude quality Of rappers lives ; however, often forgetting of the diversity of its young listeners, Rap promotes the use of slurs in effort to explain inner city or underprivileged life (That). Rappers, often inner city African-American men, refer to their counterparts as the N word, and their enemies as f*got and d*ekes.Rappers identify the N-Word as a name of belonging that secures them into their black culture; however, rappers warn people of other races, particularly Caucasians, never to use the word (Westwood). Regardless, rappers have indirectly caused attention to the word, prompting other pop Culture moguls into accepting the word into their scapulars. DC Chalked, who identifies himself as a Sand N-Word used the word significantly in his single We The Best. Fat Joe, a Latino, defends his use of the word because everywhere, Latino and blacks are the same (Westwood).Youth listening to these artists are thus desensitizing to th e word, as adult idols embrace it as well. Jennifer Lopez, a Latin from the Bronx, used the N-Word in her hit Im Real (Westwood). Her use of the word created much discussion and unrest within the music community, however it also modeled the prodigious influence the N-Word has begun to take within the United States. Homophobic lyrics are extremely prevalent, revealing the sentiments of the artists who sing them as they reshape those of the listeners.Homophobic lyrics, often used as insults and words of caution, appear in each genre of popular music, appearing in the words of rapper Common to those of county music star Brad Paisley (Frederics). Kathy Perry, a rising Pop Star who aspires to epitomize individuality, sings our So Gay, a song in which she criticizes her boyfriend for acting gay. Perrys lyrics change the identification of on?s sexuality into a synonym for stupid acknowledging that her boyfriend is so ay [he doesnt] even like boys (Frederics).The song proves to be offensive to the boyfriend, but only because of the negative digression of the gay sexuality, which has become a synonym for stupid or cowardly (Wintertime). Homosexual youth are thus bombarded with these influences, becoming not only hated for their sexual orientation; but because of the negative connotations that gay implies (Wintertime). Mine, a rapper notoriously known for his seemingly homophobic behavior, has not ceased to accommodate to anti-gay lyrics.Admitting to his faults but covering for his rods, Mine says his homophobia manifests from a separate personality he embodies while he raps (Frederics). Regardless, Amines lyrics are extremely hostile and condescending to LEGIT youth, expressing in an appropriately named Criminal Whether youre a f*g or a l*z, Or the Homes, Herman, or trans-vest, pants of the dress- hate f*gs? The answer is yes. Amines lyrics pose a threat to youth, as he uses his popularity to advertise the antagonistic and dangerous values people have against homosexuals.In a recent study, 83% [teachers] said they heard [gay] being seed regularly [as an insult] and much more than its nearest rivals, b*tech (59%) an d SSL*g (45%) (Wintertime). Amines influences, as well as artists Of popular, reggae, and country music accredit to the unintended misery many homosexual youths experience as they deal with their peers. Women, viewed as a token of wealth by much of the music industry, are ill treated within the lyrics of popular artists, provoking violent aggression in their listeners.Verbally, women are disrespected and disregarded past sexual needs. Much of Hip-Hop and Rock culture has devolved into that of sexism, as such popular songs such as Smack That by Akin and Hoes and Ladies by T- Wayne portray messages that women should be treated as personal belongings and/or are only needed for a mans sexual satisfaction (Box Juveniles). Smack that, a song chronicling Axons feelings for a stripped at the club, identifies her as a club banger as she climbs up and down that pole/ Looking like one of them putty-cat dolls (Akin).T-Wanes Hoes and Ladies contains explicit curses and desires towards women, revealing to naive youth the limits to which sexual behavior is unacceptable a-Wayne). Axons Smack That, as well as T-Pains Hoes and Ladies encompasses the popular conceptions that women are only sex object s, meant to display their bodies for male admiration. In recent studies, the effects of Rap and Rock music have proven to be detrimental to the male view and appreciation of the women (Treason). Rap music proves to evoke violent and aggressive sexual thoughts in men, as well as a stimulant of sexual frustration (Treason).Speaking poorly of women in their lyrics, Rap and rock music promote the cursing and degrading of women, ultimately resulting in lessened male conceptions of women counterparts . While listening to rap and rock music, men are provoked to be more physically violent with women (Treason). In a study conducted by Elian Treason, men were found to use inappropriate gestures, and think much more of rape and the abuse of women. Heavy Metal, much guided by Marilyn Manson, is known for its compliance to anti- social values. Manson argues in The Reflecting God Who said rape isnt kind? (Lustiest).Depressed Youth, who often listen to heavy metal, are less likely to care about the values, and are thus prone to participating in such anti-social behavior. Regardless of the genre, the negative influences of the treatment f women in lyrics are dire and dangerous to the outcome of todays Youth. Apart from its influences with women, music lyrics promote aggression and violence in youth. Attributed with much of the blame for violence in youth, Rap music makes people more aggressive and devious in their intentions; however, Rock music proves to have an equal case for violence as its careless nature preaches of rebellion.Rap music poses for the generation of lost youth, who find their idols in the musicians they listen to and attempt to mirror their ways ; thus, listeners easily find themselves immersed into the years, wanting to do what the artists profess (That). In an experiment, twenty students who all disliked hot sauce were asked to listen to rap music. Half listened to music without violent content, and half did; however, all of the students were asked how much hot sauce they would give to a peer (That). Those who listened to violent music reported that they would give four times more hot sauce than those who listened otherwise (That). The results of the experiment attest to the dangers of rap lyrics, which can lead to car fights, robberies, and other antisocial acts. The rise in violent statistics is directly reapportion to the rise in fame of popular rap musicians (Bookings). The measure by which the violent influences of Rap is observed is statistics; however, much of Rocks influences can be identified in cautious events. AAA 1987 concert in SST. Louis of Guns and Roses, the classic Rock Band, resulted in a riot between 2500 youths the music excited and 60 injured (Orthodox Photos). Likely result of jamming which is the an unconscious phenomenon of the brain in which listeners lose conscious control of their minds and succumb themselves to the pessimistic images conveyed (Caching). The most alarming of these documented effects is the suicide of Thomas Sullivan, who, before his death, killed his mother and set his house on fire (Orthodox Photos). Thomas Salivas story is the ultimate extent to which music to which music can affect a listener; however,it encompasses the overbearing influence musics lyrics .Suicide is most prevalent in Heavy Metal music if any other genre, often speaking Of self-hate and the detriments of bullying. Marilyn Manson, one Of the more popular Heavy Metal artists, is thought to have aided Columbine, as his death lyrics to his bullies are thought to have encouraged the Columbine leers to murder 12 classmates, injure 24, and kill themselves (Catching). Heavy Metal Music proves to be extremely popular to depressed youth, as it speaks of revenge, murder, and death within its lyrics.Only seven percent of Heavy Metal lyrics include suicidal references; however, 50 percent speak of murder, and 35 percent of Satanism (Orthodox Photos). Oozy Osborne advocates suicide in Suicide Solution and Suicides an Alternative. Osborne sings of the fathomed greatness of death, relating to youth that no one cares. .. Suicides an alternative (Orthodox Photos, Suicides an Alternative). The depression, angst, and anti-social values the youth idealize, emerge from what they listen to, and the values Heehaw Metal reveres. Many other youth are encouraged to depreciate their lives in the form of drugs.Thirty Percent of songs on the Billboard Top Charts contain influences of drugs, devolving music into an influence itself (Parker-Pope). Rock and Roll ensures its glorified lifestyle in its motto Sex, Drugs, and Rock and Roll. In much the same way, Rap music advertises drugs in speaking of the harsh reality of ghetto life. Fans of Rock, mirroring those of Rap, dress much like hose whom they idealize, and strive to do that that the idol does. Drugs and alcohol, therefore, are an indisputable element of Rock and Roll lyrics, and that of the fans lives of rock fans (Caching).Fourteen percent, however, of rock songs contain lyrical content of drug use, contrasting the eighty percent of rap songs (Reuters). Rap music is notorious for its drug influences; although it means to inform its audiences Of an oppressed and ignored culture, much of its audience is prompted to try and learn of the drugs it speaks of. Many rappers are endorsers of alcohol as well such as Tidy and Cirri (That). The culture of Rap and Rock music is much the same, and because of its influences, casual drug use in teens has jumped nearly fifty percent over the last four years alone (Lustiest). Within these lyrical drug influences, 14% of songs include Marijuana use, 24% include alcohol, and 12% of songs depicted other substances (Parker-Pope). The direct use of drugs in relation to the influences of drug use in music lyrics depicts the devastating influences lyrics have on youth. Sexual influences prove to be as overwhelming as those of drugs. Revealing to youth to the true consequences of their impressionable ignorance, teen regencies have become the results of music lyrics. Rap, Rock, and Popular music all speak of sex, as the limits to which modern lyrics extend to make their lyrics raunchy has exceeded extreme levels.Prince, the ass sex symbol, is no longer evocative, as the lyrics of today, which include, Tip Drill by Newly which is full of raunchy, demeaning lyrics (Bookings). Teen pregnancies are directly relatable to the music in modern teen culture. Lyrics found in music exuded to youth trigger impulses, encouraging youth to be much more violent and assertive in their desires (Treason). In a study, seven hundred 15 ear olds listened to sex related lyrics; two thirds listened to lyrics degrading sex, and one third listened to sexually explicit lyrics; however, after listening, almost all reported thoughts about sex (That).Teens listening to sexually degrading lyrics are twice as likely to start having sex than those who dont, crediting to the 51 percent of heavy listeners who have sex within years, in relation of only 29 percent of youth who say they do not listen to any sexual music (Associated Press). The statistics of youth pregnancies in relation to the music they listen to exemplifies the power of the lyrics in any societal issue. The desensitizing of youth as a result of the influences in lyrics would not be so immense if Record labels had taken action from first glance of the lyrics.The record labels determine the concept ion of the influence. Record labels hire the producers, studio artists, session artists, and advertisers. The creation of a single is meticulous and crucial to the amount of money to be gained; however, if each of the record labels agreed to refrain from including negative influences in lyrics, they wouldnt lose any business, and teenagers would have to relearn how to appropriately take care of themselves. Record Labels must monitor the amount of references of drug use in order to ensure the future health and intelligence of the future generations.Record Labels must also refrain from the amount of references to promiscuity in order to protect the futures of potential professional college educated men and women. In order to ensure that youth becomes of age in order stray from participate in drug and promiscuous behavior, record labels must revoke the influences violence. The revoking of racial slurs from lyrical vocabulary would ensure a safe environment in which youth could live. Record Labels just revoke racial slurs in order to ultimately guarantee safe lives.

Strategic Management and Competitive Forces Essay Example

Strategic Management and Competitive Forces Essay COMPETITION IN THE GOLF INDUSTRY (WEEK 7) What is competition like in the golf equipment industry? What competitive forces seem to have the greatest effect on industry attractiveness? How is the golf equipment industry changing? What are the underlying drivers of change and how might those driving forces change the industry? What does your strategic group map of the golf equipment industry look like? Which strategic groups do you think are in the best positions? Which are in the worst positions? What recommendations would you make to Callaway Golf to improve the company’s competitive position in the industry and its financial and market performance? NINTENDO (WEEK 7) What is competition like in the video game console industry? Do a five-forces analysis to support your answer. Which of the five competitive forces is strongest? Which is weakest? Would you characterize the overall strength of competition in video game consoles as fierce, strong, moderate to normal or weak? Why? What is Nintendo’s strategy? Which of the five generic strategies discussed in Chapter 5 is Nintendo using? Is it fair to characterize Nintendo’s introduction of the Wii as a blue ocean strategy? Why or why not? What recommendations would you make to Nintendo to improve its competitiveness in the video game console industry and to maintain its favorable positioning vis-a-vis Microsoft and Sony? GOOGLE (WEEK 8) Discuss competition in the search industry. Which of the fi ve competitive forces seem strongest? weakest? What is your assessment of overall industry attractiveness? What are the key factors that define success in the industry? What are the key competencies, capabilities, and resources of successful search engine companies? Have Google’s business model and strategy proven to be successful? What are the company’s key resource strengths and competitive capabilities? What competitive liabilities and resource weaknesses does it have? What recommendations would you make to Google’s top-management team to sustain its competitive advantage in the search industry? How should it best capitalize on its strategic initiatives in mobile search, cloud computing, and its auctioning system for traditional media ads? RESEARCH IN MOTION (WEEK 8) What is competition like in the wireless phone industry? Which of the five Competitive forces is strongest? Which is weakest? What competitive forces seem to have the greatest effect on industry attractiveness? What strategic approach has Research in Motion chosen to employ in international markets? Would you characterize its strategy as a global strategy or a localized multicountry strategy? How has it utilized location to build competitive advantage? How important is it for Research in Motion to increase the size of its pool of software developers? What are the different options for substantially increasing its RD staff? Which option for increasing the number of software developers should Research in Motion pursue? Explain how your recommended course of action is consistent with Research in Motion’s resources, organizational capabilities, and management preferences. APPLE (WEEK 9) What are the chief elements of Apple’s overall competitive strategy? How well do the pieces fi t together? What does a competitive strength assessment reveal about Apple’s computer business, as compared to the leaders in the personal computer industry? Does it appear that the company’s competitive positions in personal media players and smartphones or stronger or weaker than its position in computers? Does it make good strategic sense for Apple to be a competitor in the computer, personal media player, smartphone, and tablet computer industries? Are the value chain activities that Apple performs in computers, personal media players, tablet computers and smartphones very similar and â€Å"compatible† or are there very important differences from product to product? What recommendations would you make to allow Apple to strengthen its position in its most important markets? KOMATSU (WEEK 9) Briefly identify the various strategies that Komatsu used in the different stages of their internationalization process. What were the implications for Komatsu’s management policies as they responded to changing domestic and global market conditions? To what extent the leadership and management of Komatsu responsible for its success or failures? Why? What strategic action should Komatsu take to bring back an sustain the leadership position of Komatsu? ADIDAS (WEEK 10) What is Adidas’ corporate strategy? Was there a common strategic approach utilized in managing the company’s lineup of sporting goods businesses prior to its 2005-2006 restructuring? Has the corporate strategy changed with restructuring? What does a 9-cell industry attractiveness/ business strength matrix displaying Adidas’ business units look like? Does Adidas’ business line-up exhibit good strategic fit? What value-chain match-ups exists? What opportunities for skills transfer, cost sharing, or brand sharing are evident? Based on your analysis of adidas businesses, did the restructuring undertaken in 2005 and 2006 make sense? Does it appear the acquisition of Reebok International will produce higher returns for shareholders? PEPSICO (WEEK 10) What is PepsiCo’s corporate strategy? Briefly identify the business strategies that PepsiCo is using in each of its consumer business segments in 2008. What is your assessment of the long-term attractiveness of the industries represented in PepsiCo’s business portfolio? What is your assessment of the competitive strength of PepsiCo’s different business units? Does PepsiCo’s portfolio exhibit good strategic fit? What value-chain match-ups do you see? What opportunities for skills transfer, cost sharing, or brand sharing do you see? What strategic actions should Indra Nooyi take to sustain the corporation’s impressive financial and market performance? Strategic Management and Competitive Forces Essay Example Strategic Management and Competitive Forces Paper COMPETITION IN THE GOLF INDUSTRY (WEEK 7) What is competition like in the golf equipment industry? What competitive forces seem to have the greatest effect on industry attractiveness? How is the golf equipment industry changing? What are the underlying drivers of change and how might those driving forces change the industry? What does your strategic group map of the golf equipment industry look like? Which strategic groups do you think are in the best positions? Which are in the worst positions? What recommendations would you make to Callaway Golf to improve the company’s competitive position in the industry and its financial and market performance? NINTENDO (WEEK 7) What is competition like in the video game console industry? Do a five-forces analysis to support your answer. Which of the five competitive forces is strongest? Which is weakest? Would you characterize the overall strength of competition in video game consoles as fierce, strong, moderate to normal or weak? Why? What is Nintendo’s strategy? Which of the five generic strategies discussed in Chapter 5 is Nintendo using? Is it fair to characterize Nintendo’s introduction of the Wii as a blue ocean strategy? Why or why not? What recommendations would you make to Nintendo to improve its competitiveness in the video game console industry and to maintain its favorable positioning vis-a-vis Microsoft and Sony? GOOGLE (WEEK 8) Discuss competition in the search industry. Which of the fi ve competitive forces seem strongest? weakest? What is your assessment of overall industry attractiveness? What are the key factors that define success in the industry? What are the key competencies, capabilities, and resources of successful search engine companies? Have Google’s business model and strategy proven to be successful? What are the company’s key resource strengths and competitive capabilities? What competitive liabilities and resource weaknesses does it have? What recommendations would you make to Google’s top-management team to sustain its competitive advantage in the search industry? How should it best capitalize on its strategic initiatives in mobile search, cloud computing, and its auctioning system for traditional media ads? RESEARCH IN MOTION (WEEK 8) What is competition like in the wireless phone industry? Which of the five Competitive forces is strongest? Which is weakest? What competitive forces seem to have the greatest effect on industry attractiveness? What strategic approach has Research in Motion chosen to employ in international markets? Would you characterize its strategy as a global strategy or a localized multicountry strategy? How has it utilized location to build competitive advantage? How important is it for Research in Motion to increase the size of its pool of software developers? What are the different options for substantially increasing its RD staff? Which option for increasing the number of software developers should Research in Motion pursue? Explain how your recommended course of action is consistent with Research in Motion’s resources, organizational capabilities, and management preferences. APPLE (WEEK 9) What are the chief elements of Apple’s overall competitive strategy? How well do the pieces fi t together? What does a competitive strength assessment reveal about Apple’s computer business, as compared to the leaders in the personal computer industry? Does it appear that the company’s competitive positions in personal media players and smartphones or stronger or weaker than its position in computers? Does it make good strategic sense for Apple to be a competitor in the computer, personal media player, smartphone, and tablet computer industries? Are the value chain activities that Apple performs in computers, personal media players, tablet computers and smartphones very similar and â€Å"compatible† or are there very important differences from product to product? What recommendations would you make to allow Apple to strengthen its position in its most important markets? KOMATSU (WEEK 9) Briefly identify the various strategies that Komatsu used in the different stages of their internationalization process. What were the implications for Komatsu’s management policies as they responded to changing domestic and global market conditions? To what extent the leadership and management of Komatsu responsible for its success or failures? Why? What strategic action should Komatsu take to bring back an sustain the leadership position of Komatsu? ADIDAS (WEEK 10) What is Adidas’ corporate strategy? Was there a common strategic approach utilized in managing the company’s lineup of sporting goods businesses prior to its 2005-2006 restructuring? Has the corporate strategy changed with restructuring? What does a 9-cell industry attractiveness/ business strength matrix displaying Adidas’ business units look like? Does Adidas’ business line-up exhibit good strategic fit? What value-chain match-ups exists? What opportunities for skills transfer, cost sharing, or brand sharing are evident? Based on your analysis of adidas businesses, did the restructuring undertaken in 2005 and 2006 make sense? Does it appear the acquisition of Reebok International will produce higher returns for shareholders? PEPSICO (WEEK 10) What is PepsiCo’s corporate strategy? Briefly identify the business strategies that PepsiCo is using in each of its consumer business segments in 2008. What is your assessment of the long-term attractiveness of the industries represented in PepsiCo’s business portfolio? What is your assessment of the competitive strength of PepsiCo’s different business units? Does PepsiCo’s portfolio exhibit good strategic fit? What value-chain match-ups do you see? What opportunities for skills transfer, cost sharing, or brand sharing do you see? What strategic actions should Indra Nooyi take to sustain the corporation’s impressive financial and market performance?

MD PhD Research Experience Essay Sample

MD PhD Research Experience Essay SampleThe MD PhD research experience essay sample is a very helpful guide for the preparation of a well written PhD research essay. This guide helps to keep you focus on the vital aspects of research work. Apart from helping you form your research topic, it will also provide you the required guidelines for writing your dissertation in a neat and professional manner. This is an excellent guide which can be used by all students who want to embark on their Ph.D. dissertation research.The research essay has played a great contribution to the formation of the academic world. It is responsible for the development of the idea of knowledge, and also its establishment as a common type of knowledge. The PhD research essay follows the same path as the work done in the higher level of academic work and provides a similar kind of framework for the generation of a well written PhD dissertation.The MD PhD research experience essay sample is therefore extremely impor tant to the formation of the PhD dissertation and hence, should be taken care of from the very start. A good research essay will get you well beyond the boundaries of your study as you get to see the more difficult and challenging areas of study like that of forensic science, gerontology, pharmacology and many more.The MD PhD research experience essay sample comes with the support of several sample essays written by students over the years. These samples are available in different formats, which include Microsoft Word, PDF and MS Excel. All the format is just a few mouse clicks away.There are various sites on the internet which allow the student to download the MD PhD research experience essay sample and then analyze and create their own sample. You will be able to examine many different themes and topics from these samples. The sample essays on MD PhD research is widely available and hence, a student has got the flexibility to review several samples in a very short span of time.The re are several websites which allow the student to access these MD PhD research essay samples directly without any intermediate review. Hence, these sites offer the best format for the user to form the appropriate research essay according to their individual needs.The MD PhD research experience essay sample is the right resource that is used by all the students in the process of preparing a PhD dissertation. This is because it provides the adequate foundation and guidelines that are needed for forming the dissertation.The MD PhD research experience essay sample contains the essential elements that every student needs to know to achieve success in this process. It has been created for the benefit of every student who wishes to embark on their Ph.D. dissertation research. It provides an excellent platform to the student and also becomes the right guide for them when they need help in the form of a practical example.

Free Essays on Police Corruption

Police corruption By: Ben Police corruption is a complex phenomenon, which does not readily submit to simple analysis. It is a problem that has and will continue to affect us all, whether we are civilians or law enforcement officers. Since its beginnings, many aspects of policing have changed; however, one aspect that has remained relatively unchanged is the existence of corruption. An examination of a local newspaper or any police-related publication on any given day will have an article about a police officer that got busted committing some kind of corrupt act. Police corruption has increased dramatically with the illegal cocaine trade, with officers acting alone or in-groups to steal money from dealers or distribute cocaine themselves. Large groups of corrupt police have been caught in New York, New Orleans, Washington, DC, and Los Angeles. Methodology: Corruption within police departments falls into 2 basic categories, which are external corruption and internal corruption. In this report I will concentrat e only on external corruption because it has been the larger center of attention recently. In simple terms, corruption in policing is usually viewed as the misuse of authority by a police officer acting officially to fulfill personal needs or wants. For a corrupt act to ocure, three distinct elements of police corruption must be present simultaneously: 1) missuse of authority, 2) missuse of official capacity, and 3) missuse of personal attainment. (Dantzker,1995: p157) It can be said that power inevitably tends to corrupt, and it is yet to be recognized that, while there is no reason to suppose that policemen as individuals are any less fallible than other members of society, people are often shocked and outraged when policemen are exposed violating the law. The reason is simple. There deviance elicits a special feeling of betrayal. "Most studies support the view that corruption is endemic, if not universal, in police departme... Free Essays on Police corruption Free Essays on Police corruption Police corruption By: Ben Police corruption is a complex phenomenon, which does not readily submit to simple analysis. It is a problem that has and will continue to affect us all, whether we are civilians or law enforcement officers. Since its beginnings, many aspects of policing have changed; however, one aspect that has remained relatively unchanged is the existence of corruption. An examination of a local newspaper or any police-related publication on any given day will have an article about a police officer that got busted committing some kind of corrupt act. Police corruption has increased dramatically with the illegal cocaine trade, with officers acting alone or in-groups to steal money from dealers or distribute cocaine themselves. Large groups of corrupt police have been caught in New York, New Orleans, Washington, DC, and Los Angeles. Methodology: Corruption within police departments falls into 2 basic categories, which are external corruption and internal corruption. In this report I will concentrat e only on external corruption because it has been the larger center of attention recently. In simple terms, corruption in policing is usually viewed as the misuse of authority by a police officer acting officially to fulfill personal needs or wants. For a corrupt act to ocure, three distinct elements of police corruption must be present simultaneously: 1) missuse of authority, 2) missuse of official capacity, and 3) missuse of personal attainment. (Dantzker,1995: p157) It can be said that power inevitably tends to corrupt, and it is yet to be recognized that, while there is no reason to suppose that policemen as individuals are any less fallible than other members of society, people are often shocked and outraged when policemen are exposed violating the law. The reason is simple. There deviance elicits a special feeling of betrayal. "Most studies support the view that corruption is endemic, if not universal, in police departme... Free Essays on Police Corruption Police Corruption Police corruption is a complex phenomenon, which does not readily submit to simple analysis. It is a problem that has and will continue to affect us all, whether we are civilians or law enforcement officers. Since its beginnings, may aspects of policing have changed; however, one aspect that has remained relatively unchanged is the existence of corruption. An examination of a local newspaper or any police-related publication on any given day will have an article about a police officer that got busted committing some kind of corrupt act. Police corruption has increased dramatically with the illegal cocaine trade, with officers acting alone or in-groups to steal money from dealers or distribute cocaine themselves. Large groups of corrupt police have been caught in New York, New Orleans, Washington, DC, and Los Angeles. Methodology: Corruption within police departments falls into 2 basic categories, which are external corruption and internal corruption. In this report I will concentrate only on external corruption because it has been the larger center of attention recently. My definitional information and background data came from various books cited that have been written on the issue of police corruption. Those books helped me create a basis of just what the different types of corruption and deviancies are, as well as how and why corruption happens. The books were filled with useful insight but were not update enough, so I relied on the newspaper articles to provide me with the current, and regional information that was needed to complete this report. In simple terms, corruption in policing is usually viewed as the misuse of authority by a police officer acting Budds 2 officially to fulfill personal needs or wants. For a corrupt act to occur, three distinct elements of po... Free Essays on Police Corruption Police Corruption Police corruption is a problem that has vested itself in police departments across the United States. It is a problem that has and will continue to affect us all, whether we are civilians or law enforcement officers. Since its early development, many aspects of policing have changed; however, one aspect that has remained relatively unchanged is the existence of corruption. Whether its sheltered within the department or broadcast on every news channel across the world its an element of our departments that must come to a seize. Police corruption has become a very serious problem in today’s police departments. Large groups of corrupt police have been caught in New York, New Orleans, Washington, DC, and Los Angeles. Abuse by law enforcement officers in the United States is one of the most serious and divisive violations to humans in this country. The violations persist nationwide, in rural, suburban, and urban areas of the country, committed by various law enforcement personnel including local and state police, sheriff’s departments, and federal agents. Police have engaged in unjustified shootings, severe beatings, fatal choking, and unnecessary rough treatment, persists because overwhelming barriers to accountability make it possible for officers who commit violations to escape due punishment and often to repeat their offenses. While the proportion of repeatedly abusive officers on any force is generally small, responsible authorities including law enforcement supervisors, as well as local and federal government leadership often fail to act decisively to restrain or penalize such acts. In simple terms, corruption in policing is usually viewed as the misuse of authority by a police officer acting officially to fulfill personal needs or wants. For a corrupt act to occur, three distinct elements of police corruption must be present simultaneously: 1) misuse of authority, 2) misuse of official capacity, and ...